Under review
Stiff-soled or rocker footwear, orthoses with a Morton extension, and injections.
Key points
Evidence summary in preparation.
Treatment options
Under review
Excision of the dorsal osteophyte and part of the metatarsal head, with or without a Moberg osteotomy.
Key points
Evidence summary in preparation.
Most relevant
Under review
Fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with plate and/or screws.
Key points
Evidence summary in preparation.
Under review
Motion-preserving options: polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel hemiarthroplasty (e.g. Cartiva), hemi- or total joint replacement.
Key points
Evidence summary in preparation.
Key papers
| Paper | Year | Design |
|---|---|---|
| Cartiva or fusion for Hallux Rigidus? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Jeremic A · J Foot Ankle Surg · 2026 · Systematic review / meta-analysisKey paper | 2026 | Systematic review / meta-analysisLevel I-II |
| Surgery Versus Watchful Waiting for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Miettinen M · Ann Intern Med · 2026 · Randomised controlled trialKey paper | 2026 | Randomised controlled trialLevel I |
| Prospective, Randomized, Multi-centered Clinical Trial Assessing Safety and Efficacy of a Synthetic Cartilage Implant Versus First Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis in Advanced Hallux Rigidus. Baumhauer JF · Foot Ankle Int · 2016 · Randomised controlled trialKey paper | 2016 | Randomised controlled trialLevel I |